In total, five metabolism-related genes, namely, Aass, Cdo1, Cyp2b23, Nt5e, and Pck2, were expressed in all three knockout ESC lines, and three of them were associated with regulation of ATP generation. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and gene ontology analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes in Mff -/- ESCs were distinct from those in Dnm1l −/- or Fis1 −/− ESCs. In particular, the Dnm1l knockout most significantly affected mitochondrial morphology, energy metabolism, and ATP production in ESCs. The ESC knockout lines showed an increase in OXPHOS, decrease in glycolysis, and an increase in intracellular ATP concentration, which was related to mitochondrial elongation. To assess the change in metabolic energy, we analyzed oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), glycolysis, and the intracellular ATP concentration. However, transmission electron microscopy showed a significant increase in the cytoplasm to nucleus ratio and mitochondrial elongation in Dnm1l −/− ESCs, which was due to incomplete fission. Interestingly, the Fis1 −/−, Mff −/−, and Dnm1l −/− ESCs showed normal morphology, self-renewal, and the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro. To this end, we generated homozygous knockout ESC lines, namely, Fis1 −/−, Mff −/−, and Dnm1l −/− ESCs, using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Here, we aimed to investigate the function of mitochondrial fission genes in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). About Features Apps Browser Extension Support. ACCESSIBILITY TOOLS FOR DIVERSE LEARNERS. ![]() The details of the underlying mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics have not yet been elucidated. Recommended for you Check out our recommendations for this collection, hand-picked by our editors 101 item. But it is a method only in experimental stages at present.Mitochondria, the major organelles that produce energy for cell survival and function, dynamically change their morphology via fusion and fission, a process called mitochondrial dynamics. This is why scientists are trying to take advantage of fusion by working on cold fusion. Department of Energy Fission vs Fusion Infographic-revised-01. On the other hand, fusion theoretically releases much more energy than fission, yet is not utilized to produce power as this reaction is not easy to control and also it is very expensive to create the conditions necessary to start a fusion reaction. Download this infographic on fission and fusion or the individual fact cutouts below. form a Venn diagram explaining the differences/similarities of Fission and Fusion. It is normally fission that is used in nuclear power reactors as it can be controlled. behavior of gases (include compression and expansion, diffusion and. While fission is splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two lighter nuclei, fusion is the process where two light nuclei combine together releasing vast amounts of energy. Whereas nuclear fusion is not a chain reaction, once we disrupt it. This is the same process that powers the sun and creates huge amounts of energyseveral times greater than fission. Fusion Fusion occurs when two atoms slam together to form a heavier atom, like when two hydrogen atoms fuse to form one helium atom. It is clear that both fission and fusion are nuclear reactions that produce energy, but they are opposite of each other. Double-click to open or right-click to download file Water carbon dioxide go into photosynthesis and water and carbon dioxide come out of cellular respiration. Click above to view our full fission vs fusion infographic. This is the reaction that goes on constantly on the surface of sun which explains an unending source of power in the form of sun. The reaction releases huge amount of energy. Here, two hydrogen nuclei are combined together to get a single helium nucleus. Hence, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent and they are clones. It is a nuclear reaction that is just the opposite of fission as instead of splitting, here two light nuclei are joined together under extreme heat and pressure. It does not involve two parents or fusion of two types of gametes or meiosis. We get two lighter unstable nuclei apart from a huge amount of energy that is used for the production of power. It involves splitting up of an unstable heavy nucleus such as Uranium. This is a nuclear reaction that is used to produce nuclear power in power plants. Though both nuclear reactions release huge amounts of energy, there are differences between the two types of nuclear reactions that will be highlighted in this article. On the other hand fission is a process in which unstable nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei. Fusion is said to have taken place when two light nuclei combine together, releasing energy in the process. ![]() These nuclear reactions release huge amounts of energy. This energy can be released in two different ways known as fission and fusion reactions. Fission and fusion are two different nuclear reactions. Nuclei of atoms have strong binding energies.
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